The four step training evaluation methodology developed by Donald Kirkpatrick was developed to assess training effectiveness. Evaluation should always begin with Level 1, then as time and budget allows, move sequentially through the remaining levels. Level 1: Reaction - measures what the learners think and feel about the training (the "smile sheet"); Level 2: Learning - measures the increase in knowledge, skill, or attitude during and immediately after training; Level 3: Behavior - measures the effectiveness of the transfer of knowledge, skill or attitude to the job; Level 4: Results - measures the return on investment (ROI) the training has to the organization.